Department of Nutrition

Vegetarian Research

As reported in the May 2002 issue of The Journal of Nutrition, we have designed a Food Guide Pyramid specifically addressing the nutrient inadequacies and reduced mineral bioavailability of lactovegetarian and vegan diets. The Vegetarian Food Guide diagram, a sample menu and a listing of the vegetarian food groups are available.


Vegetarian Food Groups

Food Groups

Servings Size

Whole grains, pasta, cereals

6-10 servings/day

  • breads, cereals, pasta, rice
  • 1 slice bread
  • emphasize whole grains
  • ½ c. cooked pasta/rice
  • fortified grains in moderation
  • 1 oz. dry cereal

Vegetables (include cruciferous)

2-4 servings/day

  • broccoli, peppers, tomato
  • ½ c. cooked/raw
  • cauliflower, carrots, Brussels sprouts
  • 6 oz. juice

Green leafy vegetables

2-3 servings/day

  • bok choy, kale, turnip greens
  • 1 c. raw
  • spinach, Chinese cabbage
  • ½ c. cooked

Fruit (include citrus)

1-2 servings/day

  • oranges, apples, melon
  • 1 medium fruit (½ c. cubed)
  • grapefruit, banana, mango
  • 6 oz. juice
    ½ c. canned

Dried fruit

1-2 servings/day

  • raisins, apricots, figs, dates, prunes
  • 1 oz. (¼ c.)

Beans & protein foods

2-3 servings/day

  • legumes, tempeh, tofu,
  • ½ c. legumes
  • textured vegetable protein
  • 3 oz. soyfood (tofu, tempeh)
  • wheat gluten, seitan, eggs
  • 1 egg

Dairy & substitutes

3 servings/day

  • low-fat milk, yogurt, cheese
  • 1 c. milk, yogurt
  • Ca/vitD enriched soy/rice/nut milk, cheese, soy yogurt
  • 1½ oz. cheese

Nuts & seeds

1-2 servings/day

  • nuts: walnuts, almonds, pistachios, etc.
  • 1 oz. (3 T) nuts

seeds: sunflower, sesame, flax seed

  • 1 oz. (3 T) seeds
  • nut and seed butters
  • 2 T peanut butter

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Sample Menus
(about 2000 calories each, mid serving range)

LACTOVEGETARIAN

VEGAN

Breakfast

Breakfast

  • 1½ c. wheat flakes
  • 1c. non-fat milk
  • 6 oz. orange juice
  • 1 raisin English muffin
  • 1 t fruit spread
  • ¾ c. oatmeal
  • 1 oz. raisins
  • 1c. soymilk, fortified
  • 6 oz. grapefruit juice

Snack

Snack

  • 1½ oz. dried apricots
  • 8 oz. non-fat yogurt
  • 4 graham crackers (2½" sq.)
  • 2 T peanut butter
  • ¼ c. cubed mango

Lunch

Lunch

  • egg salad sandwich (1 egg, 2 slices whole wheat bread, 1 T low-fat mayo, 3 oz. raw baby carrots)
  • tempeh & soy cheese sandwich (2 slices whole wheat bread, 3 oz. tempeh [cooked in 1 t olive oil], 1½ oz. soy cheese, fortified)
  • spinach salad (1 c. spinach, ½ c. bok choy, 1 med. tomato, 1½ T sunflower seeds, 1 T canola oil dressing

Snack

Snack

  • 1 oz. cashews
  • ½ c. cubed cantaloupe
  • 1 med. orange
  • 8 oz. soy yogurt

Dinner

Dinner

  • bean & cheese burrito (½ c. black beans, ¼ c. soy beans, 1½ oz. cheddar cheese, ½ c. steamed broccoli, ½ raw tomato, 1 whole wheat tortilla)
  • ½ c. cooked kale
  • ¼ c. cooked turnip greens
  • ½ oz. sunflower seeds
  • 2 t olive oil
  • pasta dish (1½ c. whole wheat pasta, ½ c. broccoli, ¼ c. steamed red pepper, 1½ oz. tofu, ½ c. black beans)

Snack

Snack

  • ½ medium banana
  • 2 graham crackers (2½ " sq.)
  • ½ oz. figs

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